CLEAR county synthesis: DENVER

Stored model output

# 1. Executive screening summary

The county of Denver has an annual maximum AQI of 172, which corresponds to the maximum ozone AQI. The average PM2.5 concentration is 6.581 µg/m³, and the PM2.5 monitoring was conducted for 366 days. There were 366 days with AQI data, including 3 days classified as unhealthy and 26 days classified as unhealthy for sensitive groups. The ozone data includes 650 rows, with 348 days of monitoring. The highest ozone AQI recorded was 172, and the highest PM2.5 AQI was 92.

# 2. Industrial profile

There are 43 facilities identified in the dataset, with 4 distinct NAICS codes and 41 distinct facility owners. The top facility owners include "ALLEN'S PAINT & AUTO BODY," "MIDWEST STEEL & IRON," and "ABRA AUTO BODY & GLASS." The top NAICS codes are 811121, 327320, and 333248. The facilities are geocoded, and 43 have zip codes associated with them. The top zip code, 80216, has the highest number of facility candidates, with 28 entries.

# 3. PM2.5 and ozone signal

The average PM2.5 concentration is 6.581 µg/m³, and the average ozone concentration is 0.03745 ppm. The highest ozone AQI recorded was 172, which occurred on July 23 and 24, 2024. The highest PM2.5 AQI was 92, recorded on July 23, 2024. Ozone data was collected from multiple monitoring sites, including site numbers 0026 and 0002.

# 4. Highest PM2.5 dates

The highest PM2.5 concentrations occurred on July 23, 2024, with an average arithmetic mean of 26.41 µg/m³. Other high PM2.5 dates include October 1, 2024, with an average of 24.32 µg/m³, and July 24, 2024, with an average of 24.17 µg/m³. These dates show elevated PM2.5 levels, with a maximum AQI of 92 on July 23.

# 5. Confounders and missing data

Potential confounders include wildfire smoke, regional transport, meteorology, temperature inversion, agricultural dust, oil and gas activity, traffic, monitor siting limitations, data completeness, and seasonal patterns. Missing data includes facility-level emissions, permit violation records, hospitalization data, wind/smoke data, causal models, and source apportionment.

# 6. What cannot be concluded

No causation, permit violation, enforcement priority, compliance status, or health attribution can be concluded from this dataset. The evidence is limited to observed data, and the interpretation is constrained by the presence of confounders and missing data.

# 7. Recommended next data pulls and policy addendum candidates

Additional data pulls should include facility-level emissions, structured permit violation records, hospitalization data, and wind/smoke data. Policy addendum candidates may include further analysis of industrial sources, monitoring site adjustments, and regional air quality coordination.

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